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Famine in war zones, chronic hunger in farming families, and food banks in some of the world's richest cities are three different problems with different answers. This page explains what "famine" officially means, when food, cash or vouchers help most, and how farming families can withstand the next drought.
By Global Relief Group · Last updated:
“Hunger” covers very different situations. A family in a besieged town with no food on the market needs food delivered. A farming family that runs short every lean season needs a better harvest. A working parent in a European city needs a food bank and a fairer rent. Good giving starts with knowing which of these you are funding.
Acute crisis
266 million people in 47 countries and territories faced high levels of acute food insecurity in 2025. Conflict was the main driver for more than 147 million of them (Global Report on Food Crises, 2026).
Chronic hunger
About 645 million people, 7.8% of the world, faced hunger in 2025. Africa now has more hungry people than Asia (UN, 2026).
Wealthy countries
The Trussell network of UK food banks gave out more than 2.6 million emergency food parcels in 2025, 12% fewer than in 2024 but still 45% more than before the pandemic.
What “famine” officially means
Famine is not a word for any bad hunger crisis. Aid agencies and governments use the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), which grades areas on a five-step scale:
| Phase | In practice |
|---|---|
| 1 · None/Minimal | Households can meet their food needs |
| 2 · Stressed | Families get by, but can’t afford other essentials without cutting back |
| 3 · Crisis | Gaps in food, high malnutrition, or selling assets to eat |
| 4 · Emergency | Large food gaps, very high malnutrition and excess deaths |
| 5 · Catastrophe/Famine | Starvation, death and destitution are evident |
An area is classified as being in famine only when three thresholds are all met: at least one in five households has an extreme lack of food, at least 30% of children under five are acutely malnourished, and at least 2 people in every 10,000 die each day.
By that strict definition, famine returned in recent years. In Sudan, famine was confirmed in Zamzam camp in August 2024 and in El Fasher and Kadugli in November 2025. The analysis published in May 2026 found no area currently in famine, but nearly 19.5 million people, about two in five, in Phase 3 or worse, and 14 areas at risk of famine. In Gaza, famine was confirmed in Gaza Governorate in August 2025. After aid access improved, later analyses in December 2025 and July 2026 found no area in famine, but the latest still placed about two-thirds of the population in Crisis or worse for the second half of 2026 and warned that even small disruptions to aid could reverse the gains. These classifications change as conditions do. The Sudan Famine Response Coalition funds food deliveries into famine-hit areas of Sudan where commercial supply routes are cut off.
Food, cash or vouchers?
Where markets still work, giving people money usually stretches further than shipping food. A CALP Network study of US$11.4 billion of humanitarian spending found cash assistance about 37.5% more efficient than food aid: on average 71–77% of a cash or voucher budget reached people directly, against 54–56% for in-kind food (reported in ALNAP’s State of the Humanitarian System, 2026). Cash also helps local traders: in a large study in Kenya, every dollar of cash transfers increased local economic activity by about 2.5 dollars, with little effect on prices (Econometrica, 2022).
But cash is not always the answer. A World Food Programme and IFPRI study that compared cash, vouchers and food of equal value in Ecuador, Niger, Uganda and Yemen found cash was always cheaper to deliver, but in Niger, where markets were weakest, food did more to improve diets. In a besieged town or an empty market, money buys nothing.
| Situation | What usually helps most | Example from our list |
|---|---|---|
| Markets are working | Cash or vouchers | Rent assistance for working households in Canada |
| Prices have collapsed or soared | Food baskets or vouchers | Monthly food baskets in Venezuela |
| Roads cut, markets empty | Food delivered directly | Rations for displaced farming families in Niger; food for blockaded towns in Burkina Faso |
| Children already malnourished | Specialized nutrition treatment | See our health and children’s causes |
Helping farmers withstand the next drought
Most of the world’s poorest people live in rural areas and depend on farming, so a failed harvest can wipe out a year’s income and food at once. In Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe, conservation agriculture (minimal tilling, mulching and crop rotation) has brought large yield gains in drought years compared with conventional ploughing, according to CGIAR research. The causes we list fund conservation farming training in Zambia through the Smallholder Farmer Support Fund, drought-tolerant seed and small-scale irrigation in Zimbabwe, shared irrigation for farming cooperatives in India and Malawi, seeds and tools for families in Cameroon’s Far North, and drought-resilience programmes in southern Madagascar, where harvests have failed repeatedly.
Feeding children at school
At least 466 million children receive school meals worldwide. A 2021 analysis by the World Food Programme with Harvard researchers estimated returns of up to $9 for every $1 invested, and five of six studies in a systematic review by the research group 3ie (2015) found that school meals raised attendance. The Township Feeding Program funds daily meals for children in townships where household food insecurity is well above the national average.
Hunger and poverty in wealthy countries
Hunger in rich countries is mostly about income and housing costs rather than food supply. It is concentrated among people on low wages, older people living alone, and people without a home. The causes we list include:
- Food banks: restocking in UK cities, in Portuguese cities and in Sweden during winter, when demand peaks.
- Older people: free meals for poor and homeless seniors in Seoul, in a country where about 40% of people over 65 live in relative poverty, the highest rate in the OECD; meal delivery for older people living alone in rural Japan and northern Sweden.
- People without a home: emergency beds and hot meals in France and Germany, outreach to people sleeping rough in England, and family shelters in the United States.
- Working households: rent assistance in Canada, where full-time minimum-wage work can fall short of local housing costs.
How to tell lasting help from a one-off meal
- Does it reduce the next crisis as well as this one? The Red Cross and NGO Code of Conduct says relief should “strive to reduce future vulnerabilities” as well as meet basic needs. Seeds, farming methods and irrigation alongside emergency food are a good sign.
- Does it use cash or local purchase where markets work? More of each dollar reaches people, and local farmers and shops benefit.
- Does it treat people with dignity? Look for models that let people choose, such as cash, vouchers or food banks where people pick their own food, and ways for recipients to give feedback.
Every Hunger & Poverty Relief cause we list
These range from famine response to food banks and farm support. Each one names its partner organization and when we last verified it.
Far North Food Security Fund
Funds seeds, tools and food support for families in the Far North region affected by armed-group violence and poor harvests.
Funds handled by Cameroon Red Cross Society · verified Aug 2021
Donate to this cause →Working Poor Support Network
Provides rent assistance for households where full-time minimum-wage work still falls short of covering local housing costs.
Funds handled by BC Rent Bank · verified Aug 2022
Donate to this cause →Displacement Camp Food Fund
Funds food distribution for refugee and displaced populations hosted in camps near the Horn of Africa migration route.
Funds handled by World Food Programme (WFP) Djibouti · verified Jan 2025
Donate to this cause →Emergency Shelter & Meals Fund
Funds emergency shelter beds and hot meals for France's homeless population, estimated at 350,000 people in the latest national estimate — more than double the 2012 figure.
Funds handled by Samusocial de Paris · verified Jan 2023
Donate to this cause →Homeless Support Network
Funds winter emergency shelter capacity for Germany's estimated 531,600 homeless people, most of them living in emergency accommodation.
Funds handled by Berliner Stadtmission · verified Oct 2022
Donate to this cause →Rural Cooperative Farming Trust
Funds shared irrigation equipment for smallholder farming cooperatives, reducing dependence on unpredictable monsoon rainfall.
Funds handled by PRADAN (Professional Assistance for Development Action) · verified Apr 2021
Donate to this cause →Senior Nutrition Program
Funds subsidized meal delivery for elderly residents living alone on fixed pensions in rural areas with shrinking populations and closing local shops.
Funds handled by Kochi Co-op · verified Feb 2025
Donate to this cause →Southern Drought Hunger Relief
Funds food assistance, nutrition support and drought-resilience programs for families in Madagascar's drought-hit south, where harvests have failed repeatedly.
Funds handled by World Food Programme (WFP) Madagascar · verified Feb 2024
Donate to this cause →Community Cooperative Farming Fund
Funds shared irrigation equipment for smallholder farming cooperatives.
Funds handled by Total LandCare · verified Apr 2024
Donate to this cause →Sahel Food Security Coalition
Distributes emergency food rations in regions where armed conflict has displaced farming communities mid-planting season.
Funds handled by World Food Programme (WFP) Niger · verified Jun 2026
Donate to this cause →City Food Bank Restocking Fund
Funds food bank restocking in cities where demand has risen among working households.
Funds handled by Federação Portuguesa dos Bancos Alimentares contra a Fome · verified Mar 2026
Donate to this cause →Township Feeding Program
Funds daily meal programs for children in townships where household food insecurity remains significantly higher than the national average.
Funds handled by The Lunchbox Fund · verified May 2024
Donate to this cause →Urban Poverty Fund
Funds surplus food recovery and delivery to community kitchens serving informal settlements, in a country where formal unemployment stands at 33.6%, the highest of any G20 economy.
Funds handled by FoodForward SA · verified Apr 2026
Donate to this cause →Elder Poverty Relief Trust
Funds free meals for poor and homeless seniors in Seoul, in a country where nearly 40% of people over 65 live in relative poverty — the highest rate in the OECD.
Funds handled by Korea Legacy Committee · verified Oct 2021
Donate to this cause →Family Nutrition Recovery Fund
Funds food support for low-income families still recovering from the economic crisis.
Funds handled by Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement · verified Feb 2025
Donate to this cause →Sudan Famine Response Coalition
Funds emergency food deliveries into areas where famine has been formally confirmed and commercial supply routes are cut off by the conflict.
Funds handled by World Food Programme (WFP) Sudan · verified Feb 2021
Donate to this cause →Senior Meal Delivery Fund
Funds home meal delivery for older residents in a northern Swedish municipality, where long distances to outlying homes push up the cost of each delivery.
Funds handled by Sundsvall kommun (municipal meal delivery) · verified Feb 2021
Donate to this cause →Winter Food Security Fund
Funds food bank restocking during winter months when demand rises among low-income households.
Funds handled by Matmissionen (Stockholms Stadsmission) · verified Sep 2023
Donate to this cause →Rough Sleeping Outreach Fund
Funds outreach teams supporting the roughly 4,800 people sleeping rough on a given night in England, plus emergency winter shelter beds for the wider 382,000 homeless population.
Funds handled by St Mungo's · verified Jan 2023
Donate to this cause →Urban Food Bank Network
Restocks food bank shelves in UK cities where need remains far above pre-pandemic levels, including among working households living below the poverty line.
Funds handled by The Trussell Trust · verified Mar 2021
Donate to this cause →Emergency Shelter Fund
Funds emergency and transitional shelter beds in cities where affordable housing has not kept pace with rising rents, prioritizing families with children.
Funds handled by Family Promise · verified Sep 2021
Donate to this cause →Economic Collapse Relief Network
Provides monthly food baskets to households where hyperinflation has made a full-time minimum wage insufficient to cover basic groceries.
Funds handled by Caritas Venezuela · verified Nov 2024
Donate to this cause →Smallholder Farmer Support Fund
Trains subsistence farming households recovering from the 2024 drought in conservation farming, from planting basins and crop rotation to early land preparation that makes the most of erratic rains.
Funds handled by Conservation Farming Unit (CFU) · verified Jun 2024
Donate to this cause →Drought Recovery Seed Fund
Funds drought-tolerant seed and small-scale irrigation for farming households after failed harvests.
Funds handled by Catholic Relief Services (Zimbabwe) · verified Jul 2026
Donate to this cause →Common questions
Should I give to emergency food or long-term farming support?
It depends where. Emergency food saves lives where famine or conflict has cut off supplies; seeds, irrigation and farming support reduce how often families face the next crisis. Our list includes both.
Is giving cash better than sending food?
Where markets still work, evidence shows cash usually reaches people more efficiently than shipped food. In famine zones and besieged areas, delivering food directly is often the only option.
Can I support hunger relief in my own country?
Several causes fund food banks, shelters and meals in the UK, Portugal, Sweden, France, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Canada and the United States.