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Child marriage, land that can't be inherited, unpaid care, risky migration and violence hold women back at different points in life. This page looks at each, what the evidence says actually helps women earn, and why it matters who runs a programme.
By Global Relief Group · Last updated:
No economy in the world gives women fully equal legal rights, and only 4% of women live in economies close to full legal equality (World Bank, Women, Business and the Law 2026). The barriers come at different points in a woman’s life, and so do the causes we list.
Girlhood: marriage or school
About 12 million girls marry before 18 each year, and about 640 million women alive today were married as children (UNICEF and UNFPA). About one in five young women worldwide was married as a child, and at the recent pace of progress UNICEF has estimated it would take at least 300 years to end the practice. Rates are among the world’s highest in Niger, and Bangladesh has the highest rate in South Asia.
School is the strongest protection. UNICEF estimates that in 15 countries with high rates of child marriage, universal secondary education for girls could cut child marriage by about two-thirds. Causes we list fund community outreach and scholarships that keep girls in school in Bangladesh through the Child Marriage Prevention Coalition, outreach in Niger, and stipends that keep girls enrolled past primary school in Chad. In Afghanistan, where girls are barred from secondary school, women are also shut out of most public jobs; the Afghan Women’s Rights Network funds vocational and income-generating training through local women’s organizations.
Earning a living: what the evidence says helps
Small loans were once seen as the key to women’s economic progress. Six randomized evaluations of microcredit in different countries, reviewed together in 2015, found “modestly positive, but not transformative” effects on average (Banerjee, Karlan and Zinman, 2015). Programmes that combine a substantial asset with training and support have done better: in Bangladesh, a large randomized study of BRAC’s programme for the poorest women, which provided livestock and training, found women worked more and earned more, with gains still there seven years later (Bandiera and colleagues, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2017).
Time is the other constraint. Women do about three-quarters of the world’s unpaid care work, more than three times as much as men (ILO, 2018), and UN Women estimates that 708 million women are kept out of the labour market by care responsibilities. Causes we list include:
- Selling more than raw crops: shared processing equipment for women’s agricultural cooperatives in Bolivia and Niger, so members can sell processed goods at better prices.
- Skills and capital: business, digital and life-skills training for women supporting families in Venezuela, and small business loans for women entrepreneurs in Nigeria, where women-owned businesses get a small share of formal bank lending.
- Childcare and returning to work: subsidized childcare places in Japan, advice for single parents in the UK on help with childcare costs, and job counselling and retraining for women in South Korea returning to work after a career break.
- Rights at work: counselling, legal support and workplace rights advocacy for working women in South Korea, including around pregnancy and maternity leave.
Land and inheritance
In many rural communities, land is the main source of food, income and security, and women often farm it without owning it. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization reports that in 40 of the 46 countries with data, men are more likely than women to own or have secure rights to agricultural land. Causes we list fund research, training and community workshops on rural women’s land rights in Bolivia through the Women’s Land Rights Fund, and legal aid for widows in Nepal whose inheritance rights are often contested under customary practices.
Working abroad safely
There are about 75.6 million domestic workers worldwide, and 76% of them are women (ILO, 2021). Many work in other countries, often in private homes where labour protections are weak. Nepal has restricted women from going to Gulf countries for domestic work at various times, most recently since 2017, but women still travel through informal channels, which leaves them without the insurance, legal help and rescue that formal migration would provide. The Safe Migration Support Network funds pre-departure legal briefings for women migrating for domestic work, so they know their rights and where to get help.
Safety from violence
Nearly one in three women, about 840 million, have experienced violence from a partner or sexual violence in their lifetime (WHO, 2025). About 83,000 women and girls were intentionally killed in 2024, and about 50,000 of them, 137 a day, were killed by a partner or family member (UNODC and UN Women, 2025). Services are stretched even in wealthy countries: in the United States, programmes could not meet more than 13,000 requests for help on a single day in 2025 (National Network to End Domestic Violence). Causes we list fund national work that strengthens local domestic violence shelters through the Domestic Violence Shelter Fund, and legal advocacy for survivors, from appeals of court rulings that left them unprotected to training for lawyers and judges.
Why it matters who runs the programme
Women’s rights organizations, often small and local, know which problems matter most and what is safe in their community. Yet OECD figures show that aid going to women’s rights organizations and movements averaged about US$453 million a year in 2021–22, less than 1% of all development aid. When you judge a women’s organization, look for these signs:
- It works with women, not just for them. Programmes designed and led with women’s organizations and the women they serve tend to fit real needs and last longer.
- It puts safety and confidentiality first. Services for survivors of violence should protect identities, locations and records, and never put women at greater risk.
- It watches for backlash. Changing norms around marriage, money or work can provoke resistance at home or in the community; good programmes plan for it and involve men and community leaders where it helps.
Every Women’s Empowerment cause we list
Each cause names the women’s or community organization behind it and when our team last verified it. Open a cause for full details, or donate directly.
Afghan Women's Rights Network
Funds vocational and income-generating training for Afghan women barred from most forms of public employment and higher education, delivered through local women's organizations.
Funds handled by Women for Women International - Afghanistan · verified Aug 2022
Donate to this cause →Child Marriage Prevention Coalition
Runs community outreach in districts with Bangladesh's highest recorded rates of child marriage, funding scholarships that keep girls in school as an alternative.
Funds handled by BRAC · verified Oct 2025
Donate to this cause →Women's Cooperative Alliance
Funds shared processing equipment for women-run agricultural cooperatives, letting members sell processed goods rather than raw crops at lower margins.
Funds handled by Ayuda en Acción - Bolivia · verified Mar 2024
Donate to this cause →Women's Land Rights Fund
Funds research, training and community workshops on rural women's land rights, addressing a documented gap in land ownership between men and women.
Funds handled by Fundación TIERRA · verified Mar 2024
Donate to this cause →Girls' Secondary Retention Fund
Funds stipends that keep girls enrolled past primary school in a country where secondary enrollment for girls remains far below the regional average.
Funds handled by UNICEF Chad · verified Apr 2024
Donate to this cause →Working Mothers' Childcare Fund
Funds subsidized childcare places addressing a documented shortage of caregiver capacity, a factor contributing to isolation among stay-at-home mothers identified in national policy reviews.
Funds handled by Florence (認定NPO法人フローレンス) · verified Feb 2026
Donate to this cause →Safe Migration Support Network
Funds pre-departure legal briefings for women migrating for domestic work abroad, an area with documented exploitation risk.
Funds handled by Pourakhi Nepal · verified Aug 2026
Donate to this cause →Widow Property Rights Fund
Funds legal aid helping widows secure inheritance rights often contested under customary land practices.
Funds handled by Women for Human Rights, single women group (WHR) · verified Jun 2026
Donate to this cause →Girls Not Brides Coalition
Funds community outreach in a country with one of the world's highest recorded rates of child marriage.
Funds handled by Plan International Niger · verified Feb 2024
Donate to this cause →Rural Women's Cooperative Fund
Funds shared processing equipment for women-run agricultural cooperatives.
Funds handled by CARE Niger · verified Dec 2022
Donate to this cause →Her Enterprise Fund
Provides small business loans to women entrepreneurs in a market where women-owned businesses receive a small fraction of formal bank lending.
Funds handled by Victory Empowerment Centre · verified Dec 2025
Donate to this cause →Women's Health & Rights Network
Funds counseling, legal support and workplace rights advocacy for working women, including protection around pregnancy, maternity leave and health at work.
Funds handled by Korean Women Workers Association (KWWA) · verified Dec 2021
Donate to this cause →Working Women's Support Network
Funds job counseling, retraining and placement support helping women return to the workforce after a career break for childbirth or childcare.
Funds handled by Ministry of Gender Equality and Family (Saeil / New Work Centers) · verified May 2025
Donate to this cause →Single Parent Support Network
Funds advice and support for single parents returning to work, including guidance on help with childcare costs, one of the most commonly cited barriers to employment for this group.
Funds handled by Gingerbread · verified Jun 2023
Donate to this cause →Domestic Violence Legal Fund
Funds legal advocacy for domestic violence survivors, from appeals of court rulings that left them unprotected to training for lawyers and judges on abuse and child safety.
Funds handled by DV LEAP (Domestic Violence Legal Empowerment and Appeals Project) · verified Oct 2023
Donate to this cause →Domestic Violence Shelter Fund
Funds national work to strengthen local domestic violence programs and shelter capacity; on one day in 2025, programs could not meet more than 13,000 requests for help.
Funds handled by National Network to End Domestic Violence (NNEDV) · verified Jul 2026
Donate to this cause →Women's Microenterprise Fund
Funds business, digital and life-skills training that helps women supporting families earn an income amid the country's prolonged economic crisis.
Funds handled by Aliadas en Cadena · verified Jul 2022
Donate to this cause →Common questions
Do these causes help women in wealthy countries too?
Yes. Several fund childcare in Japan, advice for single parents in the UK and return-to-work support for women in South Korea, and support for domestic violence shelters and legal advocacy for survivors in the United States.
How does preventing child marriage work?
Mostly by keeping girls in school and working with families and community leaders. Scholarships, stipends, outreach and changing local norms all play a part.
Is my donation to a domestic violence cause kept confidential?
Your donation itself isn’t shared with the partner. Shelters and legal services protect the identities and locations of the survivors they support.